10^th International Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Chromatography October 08-09, 2018 Dubai, UAE

Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry  is the analytical technique that  integrates the mass analysis tendency of mass spectrometry with the physical separation tendency of the  of the liquid chromatography. In coupling chromatography the capability of the individual techniques are enhanced synergistically  that is why mass spectrometry  systems are very popular in clinical analysis. Mass spectrometry evaluate the structural identity of the component with high detection sensitivity and molecular specificity while liquid chromatography separates  mixtures of multiple composition. This technique is applicable for the evaluation of biochemical, organic and inorganic compounds of complex samples of biological and environmental origin. This LC-MS technique is used in various fields of environment monitoring, biotechnology, agrochemical, food processing, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.

In gas chromatography, gaseous mobile phase like hydrogen or helium are used to push molecules along a column that act as a stationary phase. Quadrupole is the common type of gas chromatography used with mass spectrometers. Gas chromatography is commonly restricted to heat-stable, volatile compounds lacking polar functional group. These  functional groups can be masked by chemical modification by derivatizing agents and less polar GC compatible compounds can be produced.  In clinical laboratory the combination of GC and MS technique is used for comprehensive drug screening.

High performance liquid chromatography is a unique type of column chromatography that push the mixture of the analyte or sample with high pressure into the solvent along the column by chromatographic packing material. It have the capability to evaluate and separate compounds that are present in the sample and can be dissolved in liquids in trace quantity. Due to this benefit of HPLC it is used in a wide field if scientific application and industries like cosmetical industries, pharmaceutical industries, forensic science and chemicals. It can also be applied in in the analysis of food, fat soluble vitamins, DNA fingerprinting and bioinformatics.

Main components of HPLC system include solvent reservoirs, multiple reservoir, column, high pressure pump, injector and detector.

Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC)  is the type of normal phase chromatography  that  require superficial fluid as mobile phase  like carbon dioxide. It is used for the evaluation and purification of thermally labile molecules  low to moderate molecular weight and for the separation of chiral compounds. The  of principles of super critical fluid chromatography are similar to high performance liquid chromatography, it uses carbon dioxide as the mobile phase, therefore the pressure should be maintained throughout the entire chromatographic flow path. Sometimes super fluid chromatography is called convergence chromatography because supercritical phase represent a state where gas and liquid properties converge.

Immune affinity and ion exchange chromatography is the advancement in the analytical field. Immuno affinity chromatography (IAC) is the combination of the  LC with specific binding of related agents and antibodies. This technique is used in the evaluation of a specific target or purification and concentration of the analyte. In IAC immobilization and support techniques are used along with the antibodies.  There are several application of IAC  such as immune depletion,  purification, chromatographic immunoassay, direct sample analysis, and combined analysis method.  The recent development are the application of IAC along with CE or MS, use of immunoaffinity columns in microanalytical systems and ultrafast  immuno extraction technique.

A well known technique used for the environmental analysis is Mass spectrometry because of  its quantitative , qualitative, sensitive and effective qualities. Various efforts are done  in the development of mass spectrometry particularly in the analysers that are required for the separation of ion based on their mass to charge ratio, due to this it is very useful for the environment analysis. Analyzers are of various type depending on their mass resolving power, linearity measurement accuracy and acquisition speed. For the environmental use analysers like time-of-flight and orbit rap have been discovered. The further improvement in mass spectrometry is using hybrid analysers called Tandem mass spectrometry. It is applied for analyzing the analytes with high sample matrix background or in complex mixtures. It is applied in the analysis of pesticides for the identification of the compounds in which it is readily soluble and can run off in the water beds and get mixed into the drinking water.

In hyphenated technique there are several chromatographic techniques combined  with the spectrometric techniques for better evaluation with specificity, precision and accuracy for example separation technique and an online spectrometric detection method , HPLC with UV and mass spectrometry ( LC-UV-MS) are combined . Several advancement in fragmentation and hyphenated techniques have expanded its use in many fields like analysis of natural and biomaterial products. There is  various development in the application of fragmentation and hyphenated techniques like  LC-NMR, GC-MS, LC-FTIR, CE-MS, LC-MS and many more in the context of pre isolation analysis of fractions or crude extracts from various isolation, natural sources and evaluation of natural products, DNA fingerprinting, quality control of herbal products.

In mass spectrometry there are various types of ionization techniques used because of its several advantages. The most common technique of classical method with which most of the chemist  experienced are Fast Atom Bombardment (FAB) and Electron Impact (EI). In modern mass spectrometry EI is used for experimental analysis with the use of GC-MS. Modern mass spectrometry techniques are used all over the world in every field . Electron Impact Ionization (EI) fragments the ion that leads to a possible equivocal detection of the weight of the molecule and is not compatible with the LC and Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) generate a molecule which is protonated and fully compatible with liquid chromatography (LC). Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption along with ESI ionizes and evaluate the large molecular weight . MALDI is also used for imagining mass spectrometry.

Recent advancement for the interrogation of the structure of the proteins and multi proteins complexes is undertaken by ion mobility combined with mass spectrometry technique. In the present time, ion mobility- mass spectrometry is used to the structural clarification of the protein complexes. In the world of modern technology  the analysis have been dramatically shifted in use that include appearing craze like the combination of ion mobility- MS data with long established proteomics approaches for quick structural characterization of the network of proteins.

Extraction Chromatography (EXC) is an analytical technique which is generally applied for the  separation of  the radionuclides from different variety of samples. EXC combines  liquid-liquid extraction selectivity  with quiet easy operation of column chromatography. It is very good at achieving  separation and selectivity.

Electrospray, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)  is used for laboratory testing technology  for newborn  screening  for many errors of metabolism.  Electrospray tandem mass spectrometry new born screening  technology is continuously expanding due to its advantage in screening infants for many uncommon inborn diseases. Coupled mass spectrometry is more sensitive, solid, particular and extensive as compared to conventional analysis

Fourier-transform mass spectrometry is a kind of mass spectrometer or mass anlyzer for analysing the mass to charge ratio of the ions in the fixed magnetic field on the basis of their cyclotron frequency. FTICR –MS is a high resolution technique and determine masses with high accuracy. This technique can attain elevated level of mass accuracy as compared to other types of MS.  FTICR-MS is applied for the evaluation of complex mixtures like waste liquification and biomass products as resolution let the signal of two ions through same mass-to-charge ratio which are detected as different ions. This technique is also applied for the analysis of large and complex macromolecule, and other studies of proteomics as well

Electron Capture dissociation mass spectrometry ( ECD-MS) is the advanced and  sensitive form of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) which analysis the polypeptides. In electron capture dissociation the fragments are captured in the gas phase for tandem mass spectrometric analysis or structural elucidation. This technique is very sensitive ionization tool which form negative ions by electron capture ionization and more sensitive. This technique is very specific and prevent the generation of common matrices from environmental contaminants during ionization this technique have less interference as compared to electron ionization and can distinguish between various isomers.

Mass spectrometry imagining (MSI) is an analytical method applied in mass spectrometry to imagine spatial distribution of the chemical constitution such as metabolites, biomarkers, compounds,  peptides or proteins  with their molecular masses. MSI  have ability to determine multiple of sample at once

Biological and medicinal field require mass spectroscopy for the exploration and identification of the of carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acid. Mass spectrometry resolve the queries of researchers in the analytical, biological and medicinal field.

Mass spectrometry  technologies are being used in each field either its pharmaceutical biotechnical or research and development. They have decreased the cycle times and cost of commercialising a new drug and increased the dependency on these powerful  analytical technologies like mass spectrometry as these technologies are highly sensitive and  give detailed information. There is high demands for these technologies from several years and there more and more improved version is entering into the markets.

In doping and forensic analysis mass spectrometry is most frequently used for the identification of prohibited compounds. Modern and powerful analytical equipments that contain liquid chromatography, sensitive analysers, advanced atmospheric pressure ion source are  upgraded  by speed and quality.

Mass spectrometry is used in pharmaceutical industryand forthe analysis of end grouppolymers. ESI-MS is used for the analysis of polymers without the fragmentation of even loosely bound functional group of the polymers.In pharmaceutical industry these MS cover a large application in qualitative and quantitative assay

The study of chemical composition in food is known as foodomics. In foodomics we study about nutrition and food with the aid of and integration of developed analytical technique for the improvement of the well being of the consumer and its health.the mass spectrometry help the researchers to analyse the component for their identification, characterization and for their nutritional charateristics with hyper accuracy, speed and efficiency.

In analytical chemistry mass spectrometry is one of the technique that have  experienced the great  modification during last past years. MS is outstanding and wide ranging developed technology, that allow the production of data in many field like medical sciences, genomics, proteomics, lipidomics, metabolics  and future plan for MS industry and developments in MS instrumentation and techniques are the future advancements in MS.

Progression in MS innovation is expanding both speed and resolution at an unimaginable rate. Unused apparatuses and computer program have derived the development of potential application zones and these components are recreating invigorating the expanded utilization of mass spectroscopy over sedate advancement, proteomics, pharmaceuticals, nourishment security testing and numerous other fields. A basic update to the mass settling and mass choosing capacities of mass spectrometry is utilizing it combine with chromatographic and other division strategies. Expanded affectability and mass determination have driven to upgraded capabilities in proteomics and are empowering quick development in metabolic and phenomic profiling of clinical patients. Progressively, metabolics and proteomics are being utilized in a pre-clinical setting to set up the mode of action of drugs in both the viability and toxicity setting. Progress in ionization procedures is empowering more extensive utilize of MS as an instrument for high content cell imaging

Most materials in our surroundings are mixtures of two or more substances and this mixture might be homogenous or heterogeneous. Most of these mixtures can be separated by some specific separation technique depends upon the type of mixture and physical and chemical properties of the mixture. Mass spectrometry combining with other techniques and plays one of the important roles in the field of separation technique when it is tandem with chromatographic and other separation technique. For simple mixtures of compounds Gas Chromatography- Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method are used in which the component in the mixture is vaporised and then it  is separated and it is based on their affinity difference in bonded phase. For thermally unstable Liquid chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) is generally used which is based on the difference in affinity of samples with stationary phase and the mobile phase which is liquid phase capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry  (CE-MS) is a new technique in which liquid separation process of capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry works together. Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry (IMS/MS or IMMS) is a hyphenated separation process in which ions are first separated according to their mobility and then by Mass-to-charge ratio i.e. mass spectrometry method.